Redisposition of acremonium-like fungi in <i> Hypocreales</i>

Acremonium is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit variety of environments. Species this are extensively exploited in industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and biocontrol applications, proved to be rich source novel bioactive secondary metabolites. has been recognised taxonomically difficult group ascomycetes, due the reduced high plasticity morphological characters, wide ecological distribution substrate range. Recent advances molecular phylogenies, revealed polyphyletic members s. lat. belong at least three distinct orders Sordariomycetes , which numerous orders, families genera with acremonium-like morphs remain undefined. To infer phylogenetic relationships establish natural classification for taxa, systematic analyses were conducted based on large number cultures global varied substrates. A total 633 morphology, 261 ex-type from 89 countries substrates soil, plants, fungi, humans, insects, air, water examined. An overview tree loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2 ) was generated delimit families. Separate trees combined analysis four tef-1α used species generic family levels. Combined features, host associations analyses, evaluated present study currently assigned 63 genera, 14 Cephalothecales, Glomerellales Hypocreales mainly Bionectriaceae Plectosphaerellaceae Sarocladiaceae five new hypocrealean families, namely Chrysonectriaceae Neoacremoniaceae Nothoacremoniaceae Pseudoniessliaceae Valsonectriaceae . Among them, 17 combinations proposed, descriptions 65 species. Furthermore, one epitype neotype designated stabilise taxonomy use older names. Results demonstrated most grouped type alternatum backbone provided 183 39 well-supported resolved, 10 genera. Additionally, proposed potential DNA barcodes identification taxa